使用tkinter模块来创建简单的gui程序。
tkinter的widgets有：button、canvas、checkbutton、entry、frame、label、listbox、menu、menubutton、message、radiobutton、scales、scrollbar、text、toplevel等。
例：
代码如下:
# this program displays an empty window.
import tkinter
def main():
main_window = tkinter.tk()
tkinter.mainloop()
main()
例2：
代码如下:
import tkinter
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
# create the main window widget.
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
# enter the tkinter main loop.
tkinter.mainloop()
# create an instance of the mygui class.
my_gui = mygui()
例3：
代码如下:
# the program displays a label with text.
import tkinter
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
# create a label widget containing the text ‘hello world’
self.label = tkinter.label(self.main_window, text=’hello world!’)
# call the label widget’s pack method.
self.label.pack()
# enter the tkinter main loop.
tkinter.mainloop()
# create an instance of the mygui class.
my_gui = mygui()
例4：
代码如下:
import tkinter
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text=’hello world!’)
self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text=’this is my gui program.’)
self.label1.pack()
self.label2.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()
例5：
代码如下:
import tkinter
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text=’hello world!’)
self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text=’this is my gui program.’)
self.label1.pack(side=’left’)
self.label2.pack(side=’left’)
tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()
例6：
代码如下:
import tkinter
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text=’winken’)
self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text=’blinken’)
self.label3 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text=’nod’)
self.label1.pack(side=’top’)
self.label2.pack(side=’top’)
self.label3.pack(side=’top’)
self.label4 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text=’winken’)
self.label5 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text=’blinken’)
self.label6 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text=’nod’)
self.label4.pack(side=’left’)
self.label5.pack(side=’left’)
self.label6.pack(side=’left’)
self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()
按钮widget和信息对话框
使用tkmessagebox模块的showinfo函数来显示信息对话框。
例：
代码如下:
# the program demonstrates a button widget.
# when the user clicks the button, an info dialog box is displayed.
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.my_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window, text=’click me!’,command=self.do_something)
self.my_button.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
def do_something(self):
tkmessagebox.showinfo(‘response’,’thanks for clicking the button.’)
mygui = mygui()
例2：
代码如下:
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.my_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window, text=’click me!’,command=self.do_something)
self.quit_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window,text=’quit’,command=self.main_window.quit)
self.my_button.pack()
self.quit_button.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
def do_something(self):
tkmessagebox.showinfo(‘response’,’thanks for clicking the button.’)
mygui = mygui()
用entry widget得到输入
entry widget是一个矩形区域，用户可输入其中。可使用entry widget的get方法取回输入的数据。
例：
代码如下:
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class kilogui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.label = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text=’enter a distance in kilometers:’)
self.entry = tkinter.entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
self.button1 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’convert’,command=self.convert)
self.button2 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’quit’,command=self.main_window.quit)
self.label.pack(side=’left’)
self.entry.pack(side=’left’)
self.button1.pack(side=’left’)
self.button2.pack(side=’left’)
self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
def convert(self):
kilo = float(self.entry.get())
miles = kilo*0.6214
tkmessagebox.showinfo(‘result’,str(kilo)+’ kilometers is equal to ‘+str(miles)+’ miles.’)
mygui = kilogui()
例2：
代码如下:
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class kilogui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.mid_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text=’enter a distance in kilometers:’)
self.entry = tkinter.entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
self.button1 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’convert’,command=self.convert)
self.button2 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’quit’,command=self.main_window.quit)
self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.mid_frame,text=’converted to miles:’)
self.value = tkinter.stringvar()
self.label3 = tkinter.label(self.mid_frame,textvariable=self.value)
self.label1.pack(side=’left’)
self.entry.pack(side=’left’)
self.button1.pack(side=’left’)
self.button2.pack(side=’left’)
self.label2.pack(side=’left’)
self.label3.pack(side=’left’)
self.top_frame.pack()
self.mid_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
def convert(self):
kilo = float(self.entry.get())
miles = kilo*0.6214
self.value.set(miles)
mygui = kilogui()
radio按钮和check按钮
例：
代码如下:
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
self.radio_var = tkinter.intvar()
self.radio_var.set(1)
self.rb1 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text=’option 1′,variable=self.radio_var,value=1)
self.rb2 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text=’option 2′,variable=self.radio_var,value=2)
self.rb3 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text=’option 3′,variable=self.radio_var,value=3)
self.rb1.pack()
self.rb2.pack()
self.rb3.pack()
self.ok_button = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’ok’,command=self.show_choice)
self.quit_button = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text=’quit’,command=self.main_window.quit)
self.ok_button.pack(side=’left’)
self.quit_button.pack(side=’left’)
self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()
def show_choice(self):
tkmessagebox.showinfo(‘selection’,’you selected optioin ‘+str(self.radio_var.get()))
mygui = mygui()