python编写的最短路径算法

一心想学习算法,很少去真正静下心来去研究,前几天趁着周末去了解了最短路径的资料,用python写了一个最短路径算法。算法是基于带权无向图去寻找两个点之间的最短路径,数据存储用邻接矩阵记录。首先画出一幅无向图如下,标出各个节点之间的权值。

其中对应索引:

a ——> 0

b——> 1

c——> 2

d——>3

e——> 4

f——> 5

g——> 6

邻接矩阵表示无向图:

算法思想是通过dijkstra算法结合自身想法实现的。大致思路是:从起始点开始,搜索周围的路径,记录每个点到起始点的权值存到已标记权值节点字典a,将起始点存入已遍历列表b,然后再遍历已标记权值节点字典a,搜索节点周围的路径,如果周围节点存在于表b,比较累加权值,新权值小于已有权值则更新权值和来源节点,否则什么都不做;如果不存在与表b,则添加节点和权值和来源节点到表a,直到搜索到终点则结束。

这时最短路径存在于表a中,得到终点的权值和来源路径,向上递推到起始点,即可得到最短路径,下面是代码:

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
class dijkstraextendpath():
def __init__(self, node_map):
self.node_map = node_map
self.node_length = len(node_map)
self.used_node_list = []
self.collected_node_dict = {}
def __call__(self, from_node, to_node):
self.from_node = from_node
self.to_node = to_node
self._init_dijkstra()
return self._format_path()
def _init_dijkstra(self):
self.used_node_list.append(self.from_node)
self.collected_node_dict[self.from_node] = [0, -1]
for index1, node1 in enumerate(self.node_map[self.from_node]):
if node1:
self.collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1, self.from_node]
self._foreach_dijkstra()
def _foreach_dijkstra(self):
if len(self.used_node_list) == self.node_length – 1:
return
for key, val in self.collected_node_dict.items(): # 遍历已有权值节点
if key not in self.used_node_list and key != to_node:
self.used_node_list.append(key)
else:
continue
for index1, node1 in enumerate(self.node_map[key]): # 对节点进行遍历
# 如果节点在权值节点中并且权值大于新权值
if node1 and index1 in self.collected_node_dict and self.collected_node_dict[index1][0] > node1 + val[0]:
self.collected_node_dict[index1][0] = node1 + val[0] # 更新权值
self.collected_node_dict[index1][1] = key
elif node1 and index1 not in self.collected_node_dict:
self.collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1 + val[0], key]
self._foreach_dijkstra()
def _format_path(self):
node_list = []
temp_node = self.to_node
node_list.append((temp_node, self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][0]))
while self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][1] != -1:
temp_node = self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][1]
node_list.append((temp_node, self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][0]))
node_list.reverse()
return node_list
def set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list):
for x, y, val in node_list:
node_map[node.index(x)][node.index(y)] = node_map[node.index(y)][node.index(x)] = val
if __name__ == “__main__”:
node = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ‘g’]
node_list = [(‘a’, ‘f’, 9), (‘a’, ‘b’, 10), (‘a’, ‘g’, 15), (‘b’, ‘f’, 2),
(‘g’, ‘f’, 3), (‘g’, ‘e’, 12), (‘g’, ‘c’, 10), (‘c’, ‘e’, 1),
(‘e’, ‘d’, 7)]
node_map = [[0 for val in xrange(len(node))] for val in xrange(len(node))]
set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list)
# a –>; d
from_node = node.index(‘a’)
to_node = node.index(‘d’)
dijkstrapath = dijkstrapath(node_map)
path = dijkstrapath(from_node, to_node)
print path

运行结果:

再来一例:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import itertools
import re
import math
def combination(lst): #全排序
lists=[]
liter=itertools.permutations(lst)
for lts in list(liter):
lt=”.join(lts)
lists.append(lt)
return lists
def coord(lst): #坐标输入
coordinates=dict()
print u’请输入坐标:(格式为a:7 17)’
p=re.compile(r”\d+”)
for char in lst:
str=raw_input(char+’:’)
dot=p.findall(str)
coordinates[char]=[dot[0],dot[1]]
print coordinates
return coordinates
def repeat(lst): #删除重复组合
for ilist in lst:
for k in xrange(len(ilist)):
st=(ilist[k:],ilist[:k])
strs=”.join(st)
for jlist in lst:
if(cmp(strs,jlist)==0):
lst.remove(jlist)
for k in xrange(len(ilist)):
st=(ilist[k:],ilist[:k])
strs=”.join(st)
for jlist in lst:
if(cmp(strs[::-1],jlist)==0):
lst.remove(jlist)
lst.append(ilist)
print lst
return lst
def count(lst,coordinates): #计算各路径
way=dict()
for str in lst:
str=str+str[:1]
length=0
for i in range(len(str)-1):
x=abs( float(coordinates[str[i]][0]) – float(coordinates[str[i+1]][0]) )
y=abs( float(coordinates[ str[i] ][1]) – float(coordinates[ str[i+1] ][1]) )
length+=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2)
way[str[:len(str)-1]]=length
return way
if __name__ ==”__main__”:
print u’请输入图节点:’
rlist=list(raw_input())
coordinates=coord(rlist)
list_directive = combination(rlist)
# print “有方向完全图所有路径为:”,list_directive
# for it in list_directive:
# print it
print u’有方向完全图所有路径总数:’,len(list_directive),”\n”
#无方向完全图
list_directive=repeat(list_directive)
list_directive=repeat(list_directive)
# print “无方向完全图所有路径为:”,list_directive
print u’无方向完全图所有路径为:’
for it in list_directive:
print it
print u’无方向完全图所有路径总数:’,len(list_directive)
ways=count(list_directive,coordinates)
print u’路径排序如下:’
for dstr in sorted(ways.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse = false ):
print dstr
raw_input()

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