python使用smtp发送邮件

smtp(simple mail transfer protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。

python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。

python创建 smtp 对象语法如下:

import smtplib

smtpobj = smtplib.smtp( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

参数说明:

host: smtp 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:ziqiangxuetang.com,这个是可选参数。

port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 smtp 服务使用的端口号,一般情况下smtp端口号为25。

local_hostname: 如果smtp在你的本机上,你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。

python smtp对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件,语法如下:

smtp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]

参数说明:

from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。

to_addrs: 字符串列表,邮件发送地址。

msg: 发送消息

这里要注意一下第三个参数,msg是字符串,表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题,发信人,收件人,邮件内容,附件等构成,发送邮件的时候,要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。

实例

以下是一个使用python发送邮件简单的实例:

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib

sender = ‘from@fromdomain.com’

receivers = [‘to@todomain.com’]

message = “””from: from person

to: to person

subject: smtp e-mail test

this is a test e-mail message.

“””

try:

smtpobj = smtplib.smtp(‘localhost’)

smtpobj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)

print “successfully sent email”

except smtpexception:

print “error: unable to send email”

使用python发送html格式的邮件

python发送html格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将mimetext中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import mimetext

mailto_list=[“yyy@yyy.com”]

mail_host=”smtp.xxx.com” #设置服务器

mail_user=”xxx” #用户名

mail_pass=”xxxx” #口令

mail_postfix=”xxx.com” #发件箱的后缀

def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list:收件人;sub:主题;content:邮件内容

me=”hello”+”” #这里的hello可以任意设置,收到信后,将按照设置显示

msg = mimetext(content,_subtype=’html’,_charset=’gb2312′) #创建一个实例,这里设置为html格式邮件

msg[‘subject’] = sub #设置主题

msg[‘from’] = me

msg[‘to’] = “;”.join(to_list)

try:

s = smtplib.smtp()

s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器

s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器

s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件

s.close()

return true

except exception, e:

print str(e)

return false

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

if send_mail(mailto_list,”hello”,”小五义”):

print “发送成功”

else:

print “发送失败”

或者你也可以在消息体中指定content-type为text/html,如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib

message = “””from: from person

to: to person

mime-version: 1.0

content-type: text/html

subject: smtp html e-mail test

this is an e-mail message to be sent in html format

this is html message.

this is headline.

“””

try:

smtpobj = smtplib.smtp(‘localhost’)

smtpobj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)

print “successfully sent email”

except smtpexception:

print “error: unable to send email”

python发送带附件的邮件

发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建mimemultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。

from email.mime.text import mimetext

from email.mime.multipart import mimemultipart

import smtplib

#创建一个带附件的实例

msg = mimemultipart()

#构造附件1

att1 = mimetext(open(‘d:\\123.rar’, ‘rb’).read(), ‘base64’, ‘gb2312’)

att1[“content-type”] = ‘application/octet-stream’

att1[“content-disposition”] = ‘attachment; filename=”123.doc”‘#这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字

msg.attach(att1)

#构造附件2

att2 = mimetext(open(‘d:\\123.txt’, ‘rb’).read(), ‘base64’, ‘gb2312’)

att2[“content-type”] = ‘application/octet-stream’

att2[“content-disposition”] = ‘attachment; filename=”123.txt”‘

msg.attach(att2)

#加邮件头

msg[‘to’] = ‘yyy@yyy.com’

msg[‘from’] = ‘xxx@xxx.com’

msg[‘subject’] = ‘hello world’

#发送邮件

try:

server = smtplib.smtp()

server.connect(‘smtp.xxx.com’)

server.login(‘xxx’,’xxxxx’)#xxx为用户名,xxxxx为密码

server.sendmail(msg[‘from’], msg[‘to’],msg.as_string())

server.quit()

print ‘发送成功’

except exception, e:

print str(e)

以下实例指定了content-type header 为 multipart/mixed,并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件:

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib

import base64

filename = “/tmp/test.txt”

# 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码

fo = open(filename, “rb”)

filecontent = fo.read()

encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64

sender = ‘webmaster@tutorialpoint.com’

reciever = ‘amrood.admin@gmail.com’

marker = “auniquemarker”

body =”””

this is a test email to send an attachement.

“””

# 定义头部信息

part1 = “””from: from person

to: to person

subject: sending attachement

mime-version: 1.0

content-type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s

–%s

“”” % (marker, marker)

# 定义消息动作

part2 = “””content-type: text/plain

content-transfer-encoding:8bit

%s

–%s

“”” % (body,marker)

# 定义附近部分

part3 = “””content-type: multipart/mixed; name=\”%s\”

content-transfer-encoding:base64

content-disposition: attachment; filename=%s

%s

–%s–

“”” %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)

message = part1 + part2 + part3

try:

smtpobj = smtplib.smtp(‘localhost’)

smtpobj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)

print “successfully sent email”

except exception:

print “error: unable to send email”

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