python中函数传参详解

一、参数传入规则

可变参数允许传入0个或任意个参数,在函数调用时自动组装成一个tuple;

关键字参数允许传入0个或任意个参数,在函数调用时自动组装成一个dict;

1. 传入可变参数:

def calc(*numbers):
sum = 0
for n in numbers:
sum = sum + n * n
return sum

以上定义函数,使用如下:

传入多个参数,

calc(1, 2, 3, 4)
30 #函数返回值

传入一个列表,

nums = [1, 2, 3]
calc(*nums) # 通过 * 将list中的元素作为可变参数传入函数
14 # 函数返回值

2.传入关键字参数:

>>> def person(name, age, **kw):
… print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘other: ‘, kw)

>>>
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, city=’guangzhou’)
name: luhc age: 24 other: {‘city’: ‘guangzhou’}

同样,可以将预先定义的dict作为参数传入以上函数:

>>> info = {‘city’: ‘guangzhou’, ‘job’: ‘engineer’}
>>>
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, **info)
name: luhc age: 24 other: {‘city’: ‘guangzhou’, ‘job’: ‘engineer’}

注意: 函数person 获得的是参数 info 的一份拷贝,在函数内修改不会影响 info 的值

3. 在关键字参数中,可以限制关键字参数的名字:

# 通过 * 分割,以指定关键字参数名
>>> def person(name, age, *, city, job):
… print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘city: ‘, city, ‘job: ‘, job)

>>>
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, city=’guangzhou’, job=’engineer’)
name: luhc age: 24 city: guangzhou job: engineer
# 如果传入参数中,存在参数名不在定义的范围内,将抛出异常
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, city=’guangzhou’, jobs=’engineer’)
traceback (most recent call last):
file “”, line 1, in
typeerror: person() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘jobs’
>>>

此外,如果函数中已经指定可变参数,则 * 可以省略,如下:

# 省略了用 * 作为分割,指定关键字参数名
>>> def person(name, age, *args, city, job):
… print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘args: ‘, args, ‘city: ‘, city, ‘job: ‘, job)

>>>
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, ‘a’, ‘b’, city=’guangz’, job=’engineer’)
name: luhc age: 24 args: (‘a’, ‘b’) city: guangz job: engineer
>>>
# 同样,如果传入了关键字参数未指定的参数名,则抛出异常
>>> person(‘luhc’, 24, ‘a’, ‘b’, city=’guangz’, job=’engineer’, test=’a’)
traceback (most recent call last):
file “”, line 1, in
typeerror: person() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘test’
>>>

二、参数组合使用:

参数定义的顺序必须是:必选参数、默认参数、可变参数、命名关键字参数和关键字参数

def f1(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw):
print(‘a =’, a, ‘b =’, b, ‘c =’, c, ‘args =’, args, ‘kw =’, kw)
def f2(a, b, c=0, *, d, **kw):
print(‘a =’, a, ‘b =’, b, ‘c =’, c, ‘d =’, d, ‘kw =’, kw)

以上就是本文给大家介绍的全部内容了,希望能够对大家理解python的函数参数的传递有所帮助

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