python下读取一个页面的数据可以通过urllib2轻松实现请求
import urllib2
print urllib2.urlopen(‘http://www.pythontab.com’).read()
涉及到页面的post请求操作的话需要提供头信息,提交的post数据和请求页面。
其中的post数据需要urllib.encode()一下,其实就是将字典转换成“data1=value1&data2=value2”的格式。
import urllib
import urllib2
header = {
‘user-agent’ : ‘mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:31.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/31.0’,
‘referer’ : ‘http://202.206.1.163/logout.do’
}
postdata = {
‘data1’: ‘value1’,
‘data2’: ‘value2’
}
hosturl = ‘http://xxx.com’
enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(postdata)
urlrequest = urllib2.request(hosturl,enpostdata,header)
urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest)
print urlresponse.read()
请求之后浏览器会有一个会话保持的过程,会话都是保存在一个cookie里面的,下一次页面的请求会把cookie放到请求头,如果cookie丢失会话也就断开了。
在python下面需要设置一下cookie的保持
# cookie set
# 用来保持会话
cj = cookielib.lwpcookiejar()
cookie_support = urllib2.httpcookieprocessor(cj)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.httphandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
下面是将以上知识点汇总写的一个库文件,方便使用:
# filename: analogop.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
# author: 初行
# qq: 121866673
# mail: zxbd1016@163.com
# message: i need a python job
# time: 2014/10/8
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
# cookie set
# 用来保持会话
cj = cookielib.lwpcookiejar()
cookie_support = urllib2.httpcookieprocessor(cj)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.httphandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
# default header
header = {
‘user-agent’ : ‘mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:31.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/31.0’,
‘referer’ : ‘http://202.206.1.163/logout.do’
}
# operate method
def geturlopen(hosturl, postdata = {}, headers = header):
# encode postdata
enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(postdata)
# request url
urlrequest = urllib2.request(hosturl, enpostdata, headers)
# open url
urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest)
# return url
return urlresponse
这个是测试文件,因为读者没有测试环境,需要自己搭建或者找个网站测试:
#filename: test.py
from analogop import geturlopen
postd = {
‘usernum’: ‘2011411111’,
‘upw’: ‘124569’,
‘userip’: ‘192.168.10.1’,
‘token’: ‘xxx’
}
urlread = geturlopen(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/’, postd)
print urlread.read().decode(‘utf-8’)
urlread = geturlopen(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/chafen/’, {})
print urlread.read().decode(‘utf-8’)