python模块学习logging

1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕

import logginglogging.debug(‘this is debug message’)logging.info(‘this is info message’)logging.warning(‘this is warning message’) 屏幕上打印:warning:root:this is warning message

默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为warning;日志级别大小关系为:critical > error >
warning > info > debug > notset,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。

2.通过logging.basicconfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置

import logginglogging.basicconfig(level=logging.debug, format=’%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s’, datefmt=’%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s’, filename=’myapp.log’, filemode=’w’) logging.debug(‘this is debug message’)logging.info(‘this is info message’)logging.warning(‘this is warning message’) ./myapp.log文件中内容为:sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] debug this is debug messagesun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] info this is info messagesun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] warning this is warning message

logging.basicconfig函数各参数:filename: 指定日志文件名filemode:
和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,’w’或’a’format:
指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值%(levelname)s:
打印日志级别名称%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]%(filename)s:
打印当前执行程序名%(funcname)s: 打印日志的当前函数%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号%(asctime)s:
打印日志的时间%(thread)d: 打印线程id%(threadname)s: 打印线程名称%(process)d: 打印进程id%(message)s:
打印日志信息datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()level:
设置日志级别,默认为logging.warningstream:
指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略

3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕

import logginglogging.basicconfig(level=logging.debug, format=’%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s’, datefmt=’%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s’, filename=’myapp.log’, filemode=’w’)##################################################################################################定义一个streamhandler,将info级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#console = logging.streamhandler()console.setlevel(logging.info)formatter = logging.formatter(‘%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s’)console.setformatter(formatter)logging.getlogger(”).addhandler(console)#################################################################################################

logging.debug(‘this is debug message’)logging.info(‘this is info message’)logging.warning(‘this is warning message’) 屏幕上打印:root : info this is info messageroot : warning this is warning message ./myapp.log文件中内容为:sun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] debug this is debug messagesun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] info this is info messagesun, 24 may 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] warning this is warning message

4.logging之日志回滚

import loggingfrom logging.handlers import rotatingfilehandler##################################################################################################定义一个rotatingfilehandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10mrthandler = rotatingfilehandler(‘myapp.log’, maxbytes=10*1024*1024,backupcount=5)rthandler.setlevel(logging.info)formatter = logging.formatter(‘%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s’)rthandler.setformatter(formatter)logging.getlogger(”).addhandler(rthandler)################################################################################################

从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addhandler添加进去的。logging的几种handle方式如下:

logging.streamhandler:
日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件 logging.filehandler: 日志输出到文件

日志回滚方式,实际使用时用rotatingfilehandler和timedrotatingfilehandler
logging.handlers.baserotatinghandler logging.handlers.rotatingfilehandler
logging.handlers.timedrotatingfilehandler

logging.handlers.sockethandler:
远程输出日志到tcp/ip sockets

logging.handlers.datagramhandler:
远程输出日志到udp sockets

logging.handlers.smtphandler:
远程输出日志到邮件地址

logging.handlers.sysloghandler:
日志输出到syslog

logging.handlers.nteventloghandler:
远程输出日志到windows nt/2000/xp的事件日志

logging.handlers.memoryhandler:
日志输出到内存中的制定buffer

logging.handlers.httphandler:
通过”get”或”post”远程输出到http服务器

由于streamhandler和filehandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册!

5.通过logging.config模块配置日志

#logger.conf ############################################### [loggers]keys=root,example01,example02 [logger_root]level=debughandlers=hand01,hand02 [logger_example01]handlers=hand01,hand02qualname=example01propagate=0 [logger_example02]handlers=hand01,hand03qualname=example02propagate=0 ############################################### [handlers]keys=hand01,hand02,hand03 [handler_hand01]

myapp.log’, ‘a’) [handler_hand03]myapp.log’, ‘a’, 10*1024*1024, 5) ############################################### [formatters]keys=form01,form02 [formatter_form01]format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)sdatefmt=%a, %d %b %y %h:%m:%s [formatter_form02]format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)sdatefmt=import loggingimport logging.configlogging.config.fileconfig(“logger.conf”)logger = logging.getlogger(“example01”)logger.debug(‘this is debug message’)logger.info(‘this is info message’)logger.warning(‘this is warning message’)import loggingimport logging.configlogging.config.fileconfig(“logger.conf”)logger = logging.getlogger(“example02”)logger.debug(‘this is debug message’)logger.info(‘this is info message’)logger.warning(‘this is warning message’)

6.logging是线程安全的

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